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Jochem Kahl
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'Ra is my Lord': Searching for the Rise of the Sun God at the Dawn of Egyptian History (Menes) Paperback – April 12, 2009

by Jochem Kahl (Author)
4.3 4.3 out of 5 stars 7 ratings
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Due to extremely poor and difficult sources, we are as much in the dark about the history of the Egyptian 2nd Dynasty (c.2850-2700 BCE) as we are about the Gods worshipped at that time. Nor are we sure about the reigns and order of kings from this period. having assumed that veneration of the Sun God Re began during the 2nd Dynasty, opinion has changed over the last thirty years: evidence for the worship of Re has been found only for the beginning of the 3rd Dynasty.

This book looks at hitherto overlooked sources and examines known materials in a new light to show that the cult of Re can be traced back to the first half of the 2nd Dynasty and may even be traced to the 1st Dynasty. Kahl uncovers connections between the God Re and the Egyptian writers and draws conclusions for future study of Egyptian royal divinity and for the political history of the 2nd Dynasty.

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  1. Print length
    81 pages
  2. Language
    English
  3. Publisher
    Harrassowitz Verlag
  4. Publication date
    April 12, 2009
  5. Dimensions
    7 x 0.25 x 9.5 inches
  6. ISBN-10
    3447055405
  7. ISBN-13
    978-3447055406
  8. See all details
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Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Harrassowitz Verlag; 1., Aufl. ed. edition (April 12, 2009)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 81 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 3447055405
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-3447055406
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.65 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 7 x 0.25 x 9.5 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.3 4.3 out of 5 stars 7 ratings

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Jochem Kahl

Jochem Kahl

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Customer reviews

4.3 out of 5 stars
4.3 out of 5
7 global ratings

Top reviews from the United States

J. R. Mease
5.0 out of 5 stars The great influence of Ra is verified.
Reviewed in the United States on September 21, 2014
Verified Purchase
This book clarifies that Ra was worshiped as a god much earlier than previously thought. The confusing
chronology of the 2nd dynasty is also addressed in a coherent and meaningful way. If you are
interested in this dynasty, you must have this book!
One person found this helpful
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DAJ
3.0 out of 5 stars Very short and specialized, but useful for understanding the Second Dynasty
Reviewed in the United States on August 12, 2017
The body text is only 62 pages long, so this is little more than a large journal article. Yet it's more broadly useful than it might seem, because it pulls together a lot of the evidence about the Second Dynasty. It's a historical oddity that we have more evidence for the First Dynasty than for the Second or even the Third. The Second and Third Dynasties were a time of dramatic changes that made possible the sophisticated society of the Old Kingdom, but because we understand them so poorly, we don't know how those changes happened.

Kahl collects all the Second Dynasty evidence for the worship of Ra, who became the central deity of Egyptian religion during the Old Kingdom. The main point of contention here is the name of Raneb or Nebra, the second king of the dynasty. Depending on how it's interpreted, the name could mean that Ra was worshipped as a god in the king's time, but lately Egyptologists have doubted that it means that because there are no other signs of Ra's worship until the reign of Djoser, at the start of the Third Dynasty. Kahl says several pieces of circumstantial evidence suggest Ra was indeed worshipped throughout the Second Dynasty. He also reshuffles the sequence of kings by arguing that Raneb is a different name for another king from the dynasty, Weneg. His arguments aren't conclusive, but other Egyptologists seem to have taken them seriously.

Kahl doesn't delve into how Ra became a deity and only argues about when he began to be worshipped. (I've only seen one detailed suggestion for where Ra came from, put forward by Hans Goedicke in the 1970s, in which Heliopolis was one of the cult centers of Horus founded by the kings who unified Egypt as their rule expanded across the country. The solar form of Horus who was worshipped at Heliopolis, Horakhty, developed into a separate god, Ra-Horakhty or Ra. I haven't seen anyone else mention this hypothesis.)

Kahl has not proven that Ra was worshipped as early as the Second Dynasty, and he should probably have sounded a more cautious note in his conclusion. But he has established an early origin for Ra as a serious possibility. Perhaps more importantly, he shows that there was a larger reworking of religious ideas during the Second Dynasty. Kahl points out the earliest appearance of the concept of maat and touches briefly on the evidence about other gods like Apis, Seshat, and Thoth. The most visible religious development was that Horus and Seth, the traditional royal patron gods, underwent some sort of shift in roles during the last two reigns of the second dynasty, after which Ra surpassed Horus and Seth to become the greatest Egyptian deity.
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Demetrius Deese
4.0 out of 5 stars A well written research article, from an outsiders perspective.
Reviewed in the United States on September 8, 2015
Verified Purchase
Very good references to prove the authors hypothesis of an early date for Ra worship. However, there are certain points that are misrepresented. for example; Ra is not the sun. The sun is represented by Aten. Ra worship is not sun worship.
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Scott
5.0 out of 5 stars Early Dynastic must have
Reviewed in the United States on September 26, 2015
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Great book, especially as it is currently the only one dedicated to the Second Dynasty of Ancient Egypt
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Top reviews from other countries

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jerome
3.0 out of 5 stars trop chere
Reviewed in France on February 10, 2021
Verified Purchase
trop chere pour si peu de pages
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till sitta
5.0 out of 5 stars promt geliefert
Reviewed in Germany on August 22, 2018
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Danke, hat alles gepasst, auch mit der unverzüglichen Lieferung.
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Cliente Amazon
5.0 out of 5 stars Ra neb
Reviewed in Italy on November 10, 2016
Verified Purchase
Ottimo libro, anche se me l'aspettavo più corposo, e più incentrato sulla storia in sè dell'apparizione del culto solare. Invece è incentrato sulle (poche) tracce che sono arrivate dalla poco conosciuta II dinastia. Comunque ottimo!
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