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Carrhae 53 BC: Rome's Disaster in the Desert (Campaign, 382) Paperback – August 16, 2022
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Explores the critical battle of Carrhae, a fascinating tale of treachery, tactics, and topography in which Rome experienced one of its most humiliating defeats.
The Battle of Carrhae is from a heady moment in Roman history – that of the clever carve-up of power between the 'First Triumvirate' of Caius Iulius Caesar, Cnaeus Pompeius Magnus and Marcus Licinius Crassus (the Roman general who had famously put down the Spartacan revolt). It is a fascinating tale of treachery, tactics, and topography in which Rome experienced one of its most humiliating defeats at the hands of the Parthians, not far from a trade-route town hunkered down on the fringes of the arid wastes of northern Mesopotamia, sending shock waves through the Roman power structure.
In this work, classical historian Dr Nic Fields draws out the crucial psychological and political factors (including Crassus' lust for military glory and popular acclaim) that played a key role in this brutal battle. Despite being heavily outnumbered, the Parthian general Surena's horsemen completely outmanoeuvered Crassus' legionaries, killing or capturing most of the Roman soldiers. The detailed battlescene artworks reveal the tactics and techniques of the Parthian horse archers, and Roman and Parthian equipment and weaponry, and the approach to battle is clearly explained in 2d maps and 3D bird's-eye views.
- Print length96 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherOsprey Publishing
- Publication dateAugust 16, 2022
- Dimensions7.25 x 0.4 x 9.7 inches
- ISBN-101472849043
- ISBN-13978-1472849045
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From the Publisher
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Full colour battlescenesBeautifully illustrated battlescenes are included to bring the narrative of the conflict to life. |
Three-dimensional ‘bird’s-eye-views'Each three-dimensional 'bird's-eye view' is meticulously researched to recreate the actual battlefield at that point in history with accurate contour detail, scaling, landscaping and terrain features. |
MapsDetailed historical maps frame each battle or campaign, and provide the key historical context. |
Editorial Reviews
Review
“The author has produced a thoroughly researched profile of this humiliating defeat of one of the Triumvirate and the loss of most of a Roman army. He combines a knowledge of the classical sources (as usual, few in number and reliability) with a grasp of the military issues at both strategic and tactical level.” ―Chris Jarvis, Miniature Wargames
“Complemented by excellent illustrations and maps plus photographs where appropriate I thoroughly enjoyed this excellent book.” ―Amy Rumour Service
About the Author
Seán Ó'Brógáin lives and works in Donegal, Ireland. He has a BA (Hons) in Scientific and Natural History illustration from Lancaster University, and has worked for a wide range of clients. In addition to his stunning work for Osprey Publishing, he has collaborated with the University of Manchester, An Post, the National Museum of Ireland, the Irish Office of Public Works and a variety of media companies, museums, councils and private individuals.
Product details
- Publisher : Osprey Publishing (August 16, 2022)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 96 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1472849043
- ISBN-13 : 978-1472849045
- Item Weight : 11.1 ounces
- Dimensions : 7.25 x 0.4 x 9.7 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #277,663 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #406 in Ancient Roman History (Books)
- #5,609 in Military History (Books)
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The author takes the long way around to get to Carrhae, with an extended discussion of Roman politics and military practices, and those of the Parthians. The discussion is nicely supported by period art and modern photographs, illustrations, and battle diagrams. Well recommended to keen students of the Roman way of war.
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Only a numskull Roman commander would have arrayed his legions as depicted on pages 50-51. A frontage of legionaries a mere three ranks deep would have had insufficient density to protect a square-formation of --what?-- four hectares/ten acres? Better to have tripled or quadrupled their ranks and reduced the aching void at their backs.
The legionaries are also portrayed as if on parade, in the midst of an arrow-storm, but the battle would have been over in a jiffy, had they not formed a tortoise. The front rank would have rested the bottoms of their shields on the ground to take their weight and protect their wielders' faces, shins and feet from arrows fired directly at them. The next two ranks would have completed the tortoise by raising their shields over themselves and the front rank, against plunging arrows.
Crassus was no numskull. He had defeated Spartacus (no mean feat) and his tactics had swung the Battle of the Porta Collina in favour of Sulla, his then leader. His tragedy at Carrhae was arrogance which prevented him from adequately assessing his enemy and developing suitable tactics and strategy-- errors which later did for the likes of Napoleon and Hitler. In Crassus's case, he strayed too far from the river Euphrates, and its drinking water, into arid, flat, open countryside favouring horsemen. He also thought that the Parthians would run out of arrows, but erred: their leader, Surena, had organised a camel-train to replenish them and supply his men with fresh horses, water and sustenance. These and the Parthians' mobility and firepower ensured a catastrophic Roman defeat, the more embarrassing and horrifying to Romans because Crassus's army outnumbered Surena's by four or five to one.
Crassus had squandered his antidotes, his bowmen and slingers, his slingers in particular. There is a heated debate in Google as to the latters' potency, but Balearic slingers, acknowledged the best, carried three lengths of sling to suit different ranges. The maximum may have exceeded 400 metres, or 440 yards --a quarter of a mile--, far out-ranging the Parthian bow. Parthian bowmen were also unarmoured and presumably vulnerable, even at this distance. That said, slings were probably at their most lethal at up to a hundred and fifty metres. Their slingers lacked shields and body-armour but might have dodged in and out of the legionaries' tortoises, to compensate.
I recently bought Osprey's companion-publication 'Roman Soldier versus Parthian Warrior: Carrhae to Nisibis, 53BC-217AD'. I have yet to read it but hope that it will address these points. In the meantine, 'Carrhae 53BC: Rome's Disaster in the Desert' has been a compelling read. I've doffed a star for pages 50-51, but I wouldn't hesitate to recommend it.